Practice Question
A. As for the learning of safe foods, the best guides are the people who have survived them.
B. The ability to conquer fear selectively is an important component of the instinct.
C. Pushing the envelope is a powerful motive.
D. Adults are just as impressionable.
2. Opinions may vary as to the complexity which is suitable in the child machine.[—–] Alternatively One might have a complete system of logical inference ‘built in’.
A. One might try to make it as simple as possible consistent with the general principles.
B. The machine should be so constructed that as soon as an imperative is classed as ‘well- established’ the appropriate action automatically takes place.
C. Another such fact might be, ‘Everything the teacher says is true’.
D. The processes of inference used by the machine need not be such as would satisfy the most exacting logicians.
3. In 1973 the price of oil rose as OPEC’s embargo took effect. The embargo lasted nine months and the scarcity of petroleum products triggered rounds of price increase in America and Britain. [—–]The other driver of inflation was the hugely increased revenue that OPEC states earned from the high oil price.
A. The dollars had to go to better use.
B. Petrol rationing was introduced in America and Britain.
C. Soon inflation was galloping along nicely on both sides of the Atlantic.
D. The Arab states learned the true power of oil.
4. Look into a crystal of Iceland spar and you can see the secret of the Trilobite’s vision. [—-] Other arthropods have mostly developed ‘soft’ eyes, the lenses made of a cuticle similar to that constructing the rest of the body.
A. The chemical composition calcium carbonate, is simple as minerals go.
B. They used clear calcite crystals to make lenses in their eyes, in this they were unique.
C. Layer builds on layer to reveal the crystalline . form.
D. Some of the crystals are sharply pointed and resemble a dog’s tooth spar.
5. Sand grains and sugar lumps are affected by the gravity of the massive Earth.[—-] Self-Gravity is not important in asteroids, nor in the two moons of Mars.
A. It is because gravity is weak that a typical star like the sun is so massive.
B. But their self-gravity, which is the gravitational pull their constituent atoms exert on each other, is negligible.
C. Electric charges of opposite ‘sign’ attract each other.
D. Galaxies would form much more quickly in such a universe.
6. Many students of chemistry and physics, are told that quantum mechanics shows its essence in waves, or clouds of probability. [—–] The electron in this description is no longer a nugget of matter located at a point but is pictured as a wave too.
A. This picture is all right as far as it goes.
B. It is pictured as a wave spread throughout the volume of the atom..
C. A system such as an atom is described by a wave section.
D. The wave function is not central to what we actually know about an electron or atom.
7. The all-prevading disease of the modern world is the total imbalance between the city and the countryside in terms of wealth, power, culture, attraction and hope. [—-] The city has become the universal magnet while rural life has lost its saviour. Yet it remains an unalterable truth that the health of the city depends on the health of the rural areas.
A. The cities with all this wealth are merely secondary producers.
B. The future success of development aid will depend on the organisation and communication of the right kind of knowledge.
C. The lack of balance threatens countries through the world.
D. The former has become over-extended and the latter has atrophied.
8. In the most spiritual area on earth, it was inevitable that the freedom struggle should take on the guise of a religious crusade and Gandhi has made it one.[—-]He desperately wanted to associate the Moslems with every phase of his movement.
A. No one was ever more tolerant, more genuinely free of any taint of religious prejudice than Gandhi.
B. Economic rivalry accentuated the social and religious barriers between the two communities.
C. The Indian Moslem’s suspicions were aroused.
D. Tha British managed to keep a fragile balance between the two communities.
9. The destruction of a forest can affect the hydrological cycle in a given area just as surely as the disappearance of a large inland sea. [—] Forests themselves produce rain clouds, partly because of evapo-transpiration.
A. Forests may also attract rain by producing gases called terrenes.
B. More water is stored in the tropical rain forests of the earth, than in its lakes.
C. When rain forests are destroyed, the rains eventually taper off and bring less moisture.
D. The amount of forested land has decreased by 40 percent in the last four decades.
10. In the last five years, there had been a phenomenal change in the attitude of developing countries towards privatisation of public sector enterprises.[—-] Later several debt-ridden countries were compelled to adopt privatisation as a means of solving their debt problems.
A. This shift in views is partly a result of the collapse of “ .e economic structures.
B. The aggressive drive towards privatisation in Eastern Europe has constituted a powerful example.
C. Today, with a few exceptions, almost all developing countries have declared themselves in favour of privatisation.
D. When privatisation was first introduced, there was considerable scepticism about the efficacy of this policy.
11. We have seen the fruitfulness of the concept of contestation in allowing one to see how the values, ideology, and practice of scientific medicine were themselves created. [—–] The great advantage of this concept is that it allows us to look at both past and present disputes over attitudes, knowledge and cultural behaviour.
A. The contests have taken place over the presence, nature and cause of disease.
B. The imperialist relationship with respect to medicine formally ceased to exist once individual colonies gained independence.
C. Now we turn it outward to the occasions and places where scientific medicine was spread by imperialism.
D. Tensions have continued between traditional culture and modern medicine.
12. The Fiesta is a revolution, in whose confusion, society is dissolved, drowned, insofar as it is an organism ruled according to certain laws and principles. [ ] Everything is united; good and evil; day and night; the sacred and the profane.
A. In a certain Fiesta the very notion of order disappears.
B. But it drowns in itself, it’s original chaos and liberty.
C. It all occurs in an enchanted world.
D. Chaos comes back and license rules.
13. Most slaves began as prisoners of war, or were slave girls procured by raids into the hills from among nomads. [—-] Sometimes, too, people might be seized by creditors to becor z slaves and crimes were sometimes punished by enslavement..
A. These early slaves were rarely members of an unbreakable caste.
B. Female slaves ‘.vere sought for work in Iraqi spinning workshops.
C. Slavery, it seems obvious, did much to mingle ‘ races.
D. People also became slaves due to debt or hunger or were sold as children by poor parents.
14. The Government’s proposal to enact a law, defining security clearance procedures for foreign direct investment proposal is a welcome move.[—-] To deny a company access on the basis of the country of its origin is grossly unfair, not just to the company in question, but often to the consumers.
A. It would put an end to arbitrary decisions based on the country of origin.
B. When the government is planning to enact an F.D. I. law, it would make sense for it to cover all aspects of foreign investment.
C. The entire objective of enacting a law should be to reduce policy flip-flop and arbitrary decision making.
D. However, it helps to have clearly defined guidelines to screen investment proposals from foreigners.
15. Calculated financial risk taking, and the way in which institutions align themselves to do it, is the most compelling game of all. [—-] But financial institutions are like battle ships: a mistake by one of the crew rarely sinks the ship.
A. Employees of financial firms are not usually amenable to military discipline.
B. Nevertheless, an institution must be run in a disciplined way.
C. Individual investors and speculators make mistakes and they can lose their shirts.
D. Probably the greatest management challenge is fo handle deal-hungry investment bankers.
16. The earlier anthropological work in industry was largely confined to human relations within the factory. [ ] The special form of labour problems in the industrial area is seen as patterned by the persistence of cultural habits governing landlord-tenant relationships.
A. If a worker is rushed without warning into a new job where he cannot use his skills, it may bring about aggression.
B. The interdependence of industry and community also needs it be investigated.
C. By using anthropological methods, the administrator can attain control.
D. Some special features of behaviour of automobile unions are related to the fact that these workers come from the same regions.
17. Among human beings, the quest for status is built into the emotional system. [ ] The feeling of pride occurs when one is recognized as having the appropriate status, while anger results from inadequate recognition in politics.
A. The desire for recognition for one’s status or of one’s country, nationality and so forth is the central driving force behind political life.
B. These emotions are inherently social.
C. The importance of status in contemporary life is evident from a number of phenomena.
D. Competition in status is characteristic of much of the animal world.
18. In India till the mid-1940s, foreign capital dominated the industrial and financial fields.[ ] British companies dominated coal mining, jute industry, shipping, banking, insurance as well as coffee and tea plantations.
A. The large presence of foreign companies before independence did not contribute to the growth in income.
B. Through agencies British companies controlled many Indian-owned companies.
C. The foreign trade network, as a part of the internal trade that fed into exports was controlled by foreign capital.
D. There was no scope to transfer technology, since most of the investment was concentrated in tow technology industries.
19. A good intelligent infrastructure consists of a corporate-wide information system and a web of close working relationships connecting entrepreneurial units to common pools of shared knowledge. [—] If we carry this line of thought further, each individual becomes a node in this network, which then forms a ‘corporate brain’ possessing powers of mass intelligence.
A. Beyond these technical issues, the domain of knowledge is especially daunting.
B. The result is a central nervous system that leverages ordinary learning to powerful new levels to form an intelligent organization.
C. Tacit knowledge is indispensable’ is the way people think.
D. Human interactions involve employees doing their work, customers making purchases or managers solving organizational problems.
20. Overselling an idea is a constant temptation for a novel technology. [—] The assertion that herbicide and pesticide inputs will be substantially reduced by transgenic crops remains to be widely demonstrated.
A. Not every application will prove feasible.
B. Despite many years of work in both biochemistry and genetics, this has not proved possible.
C. Genetic engineering has so far only worked well in applications where effects are controlled, by only one or two genes.
D. Some grand claims are made of the potential, only some of which are likely to be fulfilled.
21. Archaeology has become immensely technical. [—] The archaeologist himself must be a skilled mapper and photographer.
A. The chemist and the metallurgist assist in analyzing certain specimens.
B. A promising technique is now in an experimental phase.
C. The interest of modern archaeology is focused upon helping timbers.
D. Dating may involve the study of the tree rings in building timbers.
22. Any language is more than an instrument of conveying ideas, more even than an instrument for working upon the feelings of others and for self- expression. [—-] The events of the ‘real’ world are never felt or reported as a machine would do it.
A. Common sense holds that different languages are parallel methods for expressing the same thoughts. .
B. The lack of true equivalences between two languages is merely the outward expression of differences between two people.
C. Every language is also a means of categorizing experience.
D. There is a selection process and an interpretation in the very act of response.
23. The dogma of free trade is based on the interrelated concepts of specialization and comparative advantage. [—-] They should abandon less efficient activities, relying on imports. The result is greater efficiency and thus higher productivity.
A. Sooner or later this is likely to cause a major disruption.
B. New technology has made the global marketplace a practical reality.
C. It is not necessary to be an economist to realise which enterprise has the comparative advantage.
D. Free trade stipulates that countries should specialize in economic activities they excel in to achieve a competitive edge.
24. One of the constraints that we at Treehouse work within is trying to cater to a variety of special diets, where dairy-free and sugar-free are the most common. [——] The freedom and creativity arise from the fact that within these constraints we can cook whatever we like.
A. Rigid rules and routines are absolutely necessary.
B. It allows consistent self-improvement, as you are involved in all aspects of running the business.
C. We at Treehouse also aim to have a menu which is varied and interesting.
D. All the members of the Treehouse have shown that the proof is in the eating.
25. The Mesoamerican pyramid, archaic archetype of the world, geometric metaphor for the cosmos, culminates in a magnetic space; the platform sanctuary. [—-] An immobility in which the dance of the cosmos ends and again begins.
A. The pyramid is an image of the world.
B. It is the axis of the universe, the place where the four compass points cross, the end and the beginning of motion.
C. There is an intimate connection between divine play and the universe.
D. Creative destruction and political domination are the double face of a single conception.
26. Tools must have been invented by someone too. [—] But soon stones were being shaped and sharpened. We have found lots of these shaped stones underground.
A. The earliest ones to be used were probably just made of sticks and stones.
B. Because of these stone tools we call this time the Stone Age.
C. Isn’t it an amazing thought that, one day, a prehistoric man must have discovered how to make tools.
D. They invented painting too which depicted animals and man.
27. Today there are hardly any places in the world that can’t be reached in a matter of hours. [—–] Whenever a major event happens anywhere in the world we read about it in the newspapers the next day.
A. Naturally, that doesn’t mean that all news which now reaches us from all over the world is true.
B. The globe we all inhabit is imperceptibly growing smaller and smaller.
C. The world is now utterly different from what it was.
D. Even if we don’t go to far-off countries ourselves, they seem closer than they were in our youth.
28. Adolescence was important for identity formation because it was fraught with certain problems labeled as identity diffusion. [—–] Far from it, identity not only entailed the identification of a person with the nation, it also involved the combination of the emotional with the rational.
A. Schools contended that they succeeded in training children in a spirit of self-reliance.
B. The concept of identity may have focused on the emotional-but did not leave out the rational.
C. At a primary level the emotional individuality of the child should be brought in contact with the rationality of the world.
D. Almost inevitably identity is considered to be the result of some formative event.
29. Consumerism is justified largely in terms of the notion that the more goods a person uses the more will they make him satisfied. [—–] Subsequently, it was widely agreed that people’s needs can be enhanced artificially through advertising.
A. Early economists thought that people have a fixed set of needs and they worried about what would motivate them to spend.
B. The cult of consumer goods stands between the art of selling and the requirements of the people.
C. Consumers need to be constantly asked for their feedback in regard to their preferences.
D. All marketing gimmicks need not improve the sales of merchandise.
30. In the early emergence of humanity there was no evidence of a formal burial of the dead till 50,000 years ago. [—–] The relics of tools, weapons, body ornaments and traces of red ochre were buried along with the dead, which were found to be adorned and decorated and then buried.
A. This is the period when burials were becoming ceremonial.
B. We presume from this belief that they believed in afterlife.
C. Then most of the graves were decorated with grave stones.
D. Sometimes the relics are socially revealing.
31. Genetic manipulation of farm animals is not regarded as being potentially hazardous to the environment as they are more controllable than plants or micro-organisms. [—-] Genetic types of manipulation of fish which give rise to concern are the insertion of a gene encouraging a growth hormone and the insertion of a Trout gene in Salmon.
A. The genetic manipulation of crops may remain well contained and reappearance can be avoided.
B. The unintended spread of introduced genes might produce more insect disease or herbicide-resistant weeds.
C. There may also be unintended side effects due to effects at the site of insertion of the new gene.
D. Genetic manipulation of farmed fish is an exception because escaped fish would contaminate the wild gene pool with altered ones.
32. The potential to cause harm and suffering is one of the main issues in the genetic engineering of animals. [—] Attempts at genetic modification for the direct benefit of animals have so far not proved very successful.
A. Few ethical or welfare problems are raised by producing pharmaceuticals in sheep’s milk.
B. Potential human benefits are sought only at the cost of serious harm to the animals.
C. Some of the modifications made to date are detrimental to the animal, but others are neutral or even beneficial for its welfare.
D. There is a need for a culture of restraint on the use of model mice.
33. In order to erase all traces of the memory of the worship of idols, Muslims were forbidden to make likenesses of people or animals. [ ] And from the Greeks, the Arabs learnt even more, instead of burning books, they began to collect and read them.
A. They particularly liked the writings of Alexander and translated them into Arabic.
B. So they decorated their palaces and mosques with beautiful interlacing patterns of lines of many colours called ‘arabesques.’
C. Not all Arabs continued to be wild desert warriors as they were in the earlier times.
D. They took to nature and to investigate the origin of all things.
34. Imagine what it must have been like for people to have no newspapers and no post. [—–] They stayed in their valleys and forests and tilled the land and their knowledge of the world ended where the neighbouring tribes began.
A. Each tribe harmed the other in whatever way it could.
B. If an army of several thousand men happened to turn up in a valley, there was little anyone could do.
C. Most people didn’t even know what was happening in places just a few days journey from where they lived.
D. Messengers had to be sent to distant and inaccessible places, and tribes were pacified and reconciled.
35. A neighbourhood like Boston’s North End in the first half of the twentieth century was populated largely by Italian immigrants and their children. [—-] Yet, although the community was indeed a poor relative to others in the Boston area, it had a social capital imbedded in the relationship among families.
A. Crime control was largely a matter of adult supervision.
B. The number of adults on the sidewalks kept track of the young people.
C. Shopkeepers in particular had an interest in what was going on outside their stores.
D. To outsiders, it looked squalid and disorganised.
36. In a literal sense, we are what we eat. [—-] As a consequence, .we must obtain all of the basic materials that we require for our bodily growth and maintenance through the consumption of complex chemical materials, in other words, food.
A. Humans, like all other animals, are unable to synthesize directly the basic components of their bodies.
B. A high proportion of our food comes from the plant and vegetable kingdoms.
C. Normal digestive processes break down the complex molecules which make up our food.
D. Human diet is provided by only 29 basic crop species and 6 animal species.
37. Patenting can be a key element in exploitation of genetic resources of developing countries. [—-] They are even charged for reusing it, which is grossly unfair to the country of the source of the gene.
A. It is important that some form of farmer’s privilege is provided.
B. The intellectual property rights of the inventor have to be balanced against the effects on the producers downstream.
C. Fear has been expressed with regard to this – allowing commercial companies taking genetic material from developing countries and failing to recompense claim invention.
D. This is needed to avoid creating a new kind of tenant farmer.
38. Science can be seen as a special form of organized scepticism. [ ] Thus notions based on received truth alone are challenged and subjected to questioning.
A. It stands back to identify certain aspects of the nature and practice of science.
B. To obtain knowledge about the world, problems which once were only considered in terms of myths are explored in ways which are testable.
C. Scientific activity can be seen as a process of conjecture and refutation.
D. If a theory cannot be constructed which is capable of refutation; it is not scientific.
39. All societies have stock of social capital, the real differences among them concern ‘the radius of trust’. [—-] Families are obviously important sources of social capital everywhere.
A. That is cooperative norms like honesty and reciprocity which can be shared among a limited group of people, and not with others in society.
B. Obviously such norms do not* promote social cooperation and the negative consequences for economic development of the country.
C. Whatever low opinions parents may have of their teenage children, they would rather work with family than strangers.
D. The norms that produce society must include skills like meeting obligations and reciprocity.
40. Under the most optimistic scenario, modern life, does not abolish ligatures altogether. [—-] People do not become less connected to one another, but rather connect only those with whom they choose to associate.
A. The labour union or professional association replaces the occupational caste.
B. The dissolving of ligatures does not stop with the oppressive ones characterizing traditional societies.
C. Thus people question the authority not just the tyrants and high priests, but the elected officials too.
D. Instead of involuntary ties based on inherited social class, gender, race and the like are replaced by ties undertaken voluntarily.
- D
- A
- C
- B
- B
- C
- D
- A
- B
- D
- C
- B
- D
- A
- C
- B
- A
- C
- B
- D
- A
- C
- D
- C
- B
- A
- D
- B
- A
- A
- D
- C
- B
- C
- D
- A
- C
- B
- A
- D
2. Choice (C) is inappropriate as rather than state an opinion it speaks about ‘another’ fact. Choices (B) and (D) are also not opinions with regard to the ‘complexity’ which is suitable in the child machine. Choice ‘A’ is the most appropriate choice.
3. Choice ‘C’ mentions the embargo as being a cause for the inflation. The other choices do not work in the paragraph.
4. In the first sentence the secret behind the Trilobite’s vision is spoken about. The sentence which appropriately follows this is choice (B) as it is the only sentence which describes the vision of the Trilobites. • Choice (B)
5. The last sentence should ideally be preceded by choice ‘B’ where ‘self-gravity’ is explained and its importance is negated in asteroids and the moons of Mars.
6. Choice ‘A’ does not make any sense at all. In choice ‘B‘ since ‘it’ is not specified it does not fit. Choices (D) should ideally follow the last sentence where the electron is mentioned. Thus choice ‘C’ is the most appropriate choice.
7. Choice ‘A’ just mentions cities whereas the paragraph is about a comparison between city life and rural or country life. Choices ‘B’ and ‘C’ do not help connect the first and last sentence of the paragraph. Choice ‘D’ is the most appropriate.
8. Choices (B), (C) and (D) obviously either precede or follow the paragraph. Choice ‘A’ shows that Gandhiji was a very tolerant man who wished to make the Moslems a part of his movement.
9. In the first sentence of the paragraph, it has been mentioned how forests play an important part in the water cycle. Choice ‘A’ reiterates the last’ sentence of the paragraph and hence is an incorrect choice. ‘C, and ‘D‘ should ideally follow the last sentence. The correct choice is ‘B’, as it tells us how, apart from causing rain, forests store water.
10. The first sentence mentions a shift in ‘attitude’ not ‘views’, and so choice ‘A’ does not fit in the paragraph. Choices ‘B and ‘C should ideally follow the last sentence of the paragraph. Choice ‘D’ is the most apt as it mentions the scepticism but then the last sentence continues the idea by mentioning that several debt-ridden countries were ‘compelled’ to adopt it.
11. In the first sentence, it is mentioned that contestation allows one to see the values and practices of the scientific medicine. Choices (A) and (B) do not follow as they do not help connect the first and last sentences. Choice (D) cannot follow as it deals with matter not directly dealing with the paragraph. Choice (C) seems to be the most apt.
12. In the first sentence fiesta is being mentioned in general and how society is dissolved and drowned and the same is re-enforced in choice (B).
13. The passage seems to mention the different ways in which people became slaves. Choices (A), (B) and (C) do not follow this chain of thought. Choice (D) is the most appropriate.
14. Choice (B) should ideally precede the passage and choice (D) cannot follow the first sentence. Choice (C) does not continue the flow of thought. Choice (A) is the most apt choice.
15. Choices (A) and (B) are not related directly to the passage. And since the first sentence talks of financial risk taking and it being a game, as in risk taking speculators are there, and if they make a mistake they would lose everything and so choice (C) seems apt. The last sentence in the paragraph goes on to say that financial institutions don’t lose much if one person makes a mistake.
16. Choices (A), (C) and (D) do not fit into the passage. Only Choice (B) does, as it talks of the interdependence of industry and community.
17. Since no emotions are mentioned in the first sentence choice (B) is not right. Choices (C) and (D) do not carry the thought of the passage. The ideal choice would be (A).
18. In the first sentence, foreign capital is mentioned which dominated the industrial and financial fields in India, there is no mention of foreign ‘companies’ or the British till later and so choices (A) and (B) do not fit. Technology has not been mentioned in choice (D), so it is ruled out. The ideal choice is (C).
19. The last sentence in the passage mentions the continuing of a line of thought, and so choices (A) and (C) cannot be seen as suitable options and since it is mentioned in the last sentence that each individual becomes a ‘node’ and then forms the corporate brain, choice (B) is apt as it talks about a central nervous system that forms an intelligent organization. Choice (B)
20. In the first sentence of the passage the overselling of an idea is mentioned as a temptation and so choice (D) continues the concept as some grand ‘claims’ are made out of which only a few will be fulfilled for which an example is given in the last sentence. Choice (D)
21. Choice (A) is the most apt choice as it mentions how technical support in the form of chemists and metallurgists assist in analyzing things found and continues to say that archaeologists too are skilled mappers and photographers.
22. Choice (A) repeats the essence of the first sentence of the passage so isn’t the correct choice. Choices (B) and (D) just do not fit in as they are out of sync with what is being mentioned in the passage. Choice (C) fits perfectly as in the first sentence the uses of language is given and (C) mentions that every language is also a means of categorizing experience apart from what is already mentioned.
23. The mention of countries excelling to a competitive edge in (D) should precede the line in the paragraph as it mentions them as abandoning less efficient activities.
24. It is mentioned that the members of Treehouse have to cater to a variety of special diets and so choice (C) is the most appropriate and should ideally precede the last sentence which mentions freedom and creativity in cookjng whatever they want under constraints.
25. Choice (B) is the most apt as it seems like the ideal choice to precede the last sentence, as in choice (B) it is mentioned that the pyramid is the axis of the universe and is the end of and the beginning of motion which is followed by the immobility of which the dance of the cosmos ends and begins again.
26. The passage is about the invention of tools and especially stone tools and so choice (A) is the most appropriate choice as it tells us what the tools were made of.
27. Choices (A) and (C) should ideally follow the last sentence in the passage. As there is a mention of places in the world being reached in a matter of hours, choice (D) is apt as it says that even if we don’t go to these countries or places, the places seem closer.
28. Choices (A), (C) and (D) are not the choices which can be used*as they broach a part of the topic which either should precede or follow the passage. Choice (B) is apt as it mentions the concept of identity and connects it to the concept of emotion and rationality.
29. The first sentence of the passage addresses the notion that more goods used by consumers will make them more satisfied. The last part of the passage would ideally be preceded by choice (A) which says what early economists thought as the last sentence gives what they subsequently agreed upon.
30. Choices (B) and (C) should ideally follow the last sentence in the passage. Choice (D) is not closely related to the passage. Therefore choice (A) is the best choice.
31. The passage has mentioned genetic manipulation of farm animals, therefore choices (A), (B) and (C) are incorrect. Choice (C) also does not connect the sentences in the passage. Only choice (D) is an example of how a genetically manipulated fish is an exception and an example is given in the last sentence of what the fears would be if the wild gene pool is contaminated with the altered ones.
32. The passage mentions the side effects in the form of harm and suffering as one of the main issues the issue of genetic engineering being performed on animals. Choice (C) tells us that some of the modifications made, are detrimental to the animals but others are neutral and this is followed by the last sentence which tells us the genetic modification in animals has given no definite benefit to the animal itself.
33. In continuation with the essence of the first sentence where idols of people or animals are forbidden, choice (B) says what they did by way of sculptures.
34. Since the people had no newspapers and no post, the ideal choice would be (C) as the people didn’t even know what was happening in places near their villages, and the passage ends with that being the limit of their world.
35. In the first sentence the immigrants are mentioned and in the last sentence, it is said that ‘although’ the community was a ‘poor’ relative, it had a social capital. Choice (D) is the choice that gets the two sentences together, as what the place seemed to be is given which is contrasted with ‘yet’ in the last sentence.
36. Choices (B), (C) and (D) cannot precede the last sentence, only choice (A) works as it tells us that we humans are unable to synthesize the basic components, of our bodies, and as a consequence we have to obtain all the basic material for our growth.
37. Since it is mentioned that patenting can be a key element in exploitation of genetic resources of developing countries, choice (C) would work as it expresses the fear of people in regard to the exploitation, followed by the last sentence where, the fears are continued.
38. Since it is stated that science is a special form of organized sceptism, the best option is choice (B) which states that ‘myths’ are explored in ways that are testable. The passage then states that these notions are based on the received truth and these are challenged.
39. The mention of ‘radius of trust’ can.only be associated with choice (A) as in this choice the cooperative norms like honesty and reciprocity are said to be found in a limited group of people.
40. Choice (D) which describes involuntary ties based on class, gender etc. and states that they are being replaced by ties undertaken voluntarily is the only option which will precede, the last sentence which goes on to explain that this doesn’t make people feel less connected but encourages them to connect with those who they choose to do so with.