CDS 2008 English Question Paper -1

ORDERING OF SENTENCES

Directions (For the 17 items which follow): In the following items, some parts of the sentence have been jumbled up. You are required to rearrange these parts which are labelled P, Q R and S to produce the correct sentence. Choose the proper sequence and mark in your Answer Sheet

Climate

P : cultures and political structures

Q : in that it affects the entire

R : change is a truly unifying phenomenon

S :world irrespective of national borders

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

RSQP
P Q S R
RQSP
PSQR

This may

P : after decades of relative neglect and even reversal

Q : when land reforms were finally put back on

R : go down as the year

S : the nation’s policy agenda

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

SQRP
RPSQ
SPRQ
RQSP

There is, however,

P : to clear the backlog in respect of education and poverty alleviation programmes

Q : a strong perception that reservation

R : unless it is followed by sincere and intensive efforts

S : alone cannot transform the lives of oppressed people

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

QSRP
SQRP
SQPR
QSPR

More than ever before,

P : good governance and sound public policies for the benefit of its people

Q : to provide leadership and to deliver

R : the continued prosperity of Asia depends

S : on the ability of its politicians and policy makers

Which one of the following is the correct sequence

RPQS
QSRP
RSQP
QPRS

In the post-genetic

P : of choice for the entire spectrum of research

Q : has acquired the status of the experimental animal or the animal model system

R : particularly in the last two decades or so the mouse

S : engineering era of modern biology

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

QRSP
SPQR
QPSR
SRQP

It was not

P : conditions with fuel prices climbing to dizzy heights

Q : but resentment arising out of harsh Economic

R : which led to the recent protests in Myanmar

S : an inspiration for democracy

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

Q S R P
S Q P R
Q S P R
S Q R P

You have been writing to me often about

P : getting a first prize in sports etc.

Q : but my daughter

R : distinguishing in a fancy dress show, or

S : such achievements make me apprehensive of your educational progress

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

QPRS
RSQP
QSRP
RPQS

The Secretary announced that

P : to find an answer to these questions

Q : in an attempt

R : a national workshop on technical training had been organised

S : by the Confederation of Engineering Industry

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

QPSR
PQRS
QPRS
PQSR

Technology transfer

P : from one country to another

Q : either through a government policy

R : or via private channels of communications

S : implies the transfer of technical knowledge

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

S P R Q
P S Q R
S P Q R
P S R Q

Physical training

P : the character of

Q : who are going to be responsible citizens

R : can shape well

S : young boys and girls

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

RPSQ
QSPR
RSPQ
QPSR

His favourite subject

P : the secrets of life and of nature

Q : because Science reveals

R : happens to be Science

S : which men did not know in the past

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

PSRQ
RQPS
PQRS
RSPQ

From my plane flying over Namibia

P : stretching 320 kilometres away

Q : a shore of pink and silver sand

R : I looked down at a haunting sight

S : edged by a line of smoking surf

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

QRPS
R Q S P
QRSP
RQQS

I was

P : to see a mongoose

Q : just in time

R : with an egg in its mouth

S : scurrying across the grass

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

SRQP
QPSR
SPQR
QRSP

How strange that a refugee

P : should fall in love

Q : when he had got to America

R : with a girl less than half his age

S : who had by the skin of his teeth escaped death in Germany

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

R Q P S
S P R Q
R P Q S
S Q P R

I think it should be necessary for eggs

P : by the poulterer

Q : as soon as they are laid

R : to be stamped with the date

S : by the hen

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

QSPR
SQPR
SQRP
QSRP

Reuter reports that soldiers

P : fought each other in the streets of the capital today

Q : crack down on demonstrators

R : of armies loyal to rival political factions

S : following the week-end military

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

RPSQ
QSPR
RSPQ
QPSR

The old lady

P : wanted to sell her precious table

Q : having the capacity to pay a huge amount as its price

R : to someone

S :with gold-coated legs and glossy surface

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

QSRP
PRSQ
QRSP
PSRQ

SYNONYMS

Directions (For the 17 items which follow): Each of the following 17 items consists of a word in capital letters, followed by four words or groups of words. Select the word or group of words that is most similar in meaning to the word in capital letters.

SLOTHFUL
- Fraught with risk
- Lazy
- Revengeful
- Lenient
PREPOSTEROUS
- Predefined
- Obvious
- Absurd
- Arduous
BREATHTAKING
- Tiring
- Costly
- Spectacular
- Trick
INSIDIOUS
- Substantial
- Unstable
- Instantaneous
- Cunning
COMMISERATION
- Sympathy
- Simplification
- Slip of tongue
- Arrogance
CONGENITAL
- Compulsory
- Dating from birth
- Official
- Pertaining to commerce
REPRISAL
- Surprise
- Award
- Revision
- Retaliation
CELERITY
- Grace
- Fame
- Slipperiness
- Speed
QUAGMIRE
- Rugged cliff
- Lacking in morals
- Quizzical
- Whirlpool
FRUGAL
- Quiet
- Economical
- Shy
- Generous
BANAL
- Hostile
- Commonplace
- Forbidden
- Genial
RETICENCE
- Modesty
- Caution
- Cognizance
- Tendency to keep silent
PREMONITION
- Sadness (b) Strength
- Warning (d) Advice
EFFRONTERY
- Affirmation
- Commentary
- Rudeness
- Compliance
PHLEGMATIC
- Thin
- Even-tempered
- Worldly
- Huge
SEMANTIC
- Mild-mannered
- Pertaining to financial matters
- Pertaining to meaning of words
- Tenable
PEDAGOGICAL
- Related to evolutionary process
- Pertaining to teaching methods
- Pertaining to dictatorship
- Pertaining to social customs

COMPREHENSION

Directions (For the 30 items which follow): In this Section, you have seven short passages. After each passage, you will find several questions based on the passage. First, read a passage, and then answer the questions based on it. You are required to select your answers based on the contents of the passage and opinion of the author only.

Passage – I

As civilization proceeds in the direction of technology, it passes the points of supplying all the basic essentials of life, food, shelter, cloth, and warmth.

Then we are faced with a choice between using technology to provide and fulfil needs which have hitherto been regarded as unnecessary or, on the other hand, using technology to reduce the number of hours of work which a man must do in order to earn a given standard of living. In other words, we either raise our standard of living above that necessary for comfort and happiness or we leave it at this level and work shorter hours. I shall take it as axiomatic that mankind has, by that time, chosen the latter alternative. Men will be working shorter and shorter hours in their paid employment.

“Then we are faced with a choice …” what does `then’ refer to ?

When automation takes over many aspects of human life
The present state of civilization
The past stage of civilization
After having provided the basic essentials of life

What does the passage suggest about the use of technology ?

It creates new and essential needs for mankind
It is opposed to the basic essentials of life
It is complementary to a raised standard of living
It is responsible for man’s love of comfort and happiness

What does increased use of technology imply ?
- An advanced stage in human civilization
- A backward step in human culture
- Unnecessary comfort and happiness for mankind
- Man’s zest for more and more work
What does the author suggest ?

Man will gradually rise above his present stage in civilization
Man will gradually settle down to the same stage with fewer hours of work
Man will gradually raise his standard of living by working longer hours
Man will gradually earn a given standard of living with the help of technology

Passage – II

It is said that ideas are explosive and dangerous. To allow them unfettered freedom is, in fact, to invite disorder. But, to this position, there are at least two final answers. It is impossible to draw a line round dangerous ideas, and any attempt at their definition involves monstrous folly. If views, moreover, which imply disorder are able to disturb the foundations of the state, there is something supremely wrong with the governance of the state. For disorder is not a habit of mankind. We cling so eagerly to our accustomed ways that, as even Burke insisted, popular violence is always the outcome of a deep popular sense of wrong.

What is the central point that the passage emphasizes ?
- It is unnecessary to define dangerous ideas
- Dangerous ideas are born out of the enjoyment of freedom
- A well-governed state is unaffected by dangerous ideas
- Dangerous ideas originate from man’s preoccupation with politics
From a close study of the passage, which one of the following statements emerges most clearly ?
- The author is against the exercise of political freedom
- He is indifferent to dangerous and explosive ideas
- He welcomes violence as a method to change governments
- He warns that violence is the outcome of popular dissatisfaction with the government
The author says, “We cling eagerly to out accustomed ways”.
Which one of the following statements may be considered as the assumption of the author ?
- We are afraid of social changes
- Mankind is averse to any disorder
- We have developed inertia that makes us incapable of social action
- There is an all-round lack of initiative in the society
Which of the following statements may most correctly bring out the significance of the opinion of Burke quoted in the passage ?
- Burke advocated violence against injustice
- Burke’s opinion coincides with the author’s opinion on explosive and dangerous ideas
- Burke hated any popular uprising
- Burke had no belief in political liberty

Passage – III

The psychological causes of unhappiness, it is clear, are many and various. But all have something in common. The typical unhappy man is one who, having been deprived in youth of some normal satisfaction, some come to value this one kind of satisfaction more than any other, and has therefore given to his life a one-sided direction, together with a quite undue emphasis upon the achievement as opposed to the activities connected with it. There is, however, a further development which is very common in the present day. A man may feel so completely thwarted that he seeks no form of satisfaction, but only distraction and oblivion. He then becomes a devotee of ‘pleasure’. This is to say, he seeks to make life bearable by becoming less alive. Drunkenness, for example, is temporary suicide – the happiness that it brings is merely negative, a momentary cessation of unhappiness.

Who is a typical unhappy man ?
- One who has been deprived of normal satisfaction in youth
- One who finds life unbearable and attempts suicide
- One who does not mind momentary unhappiness
- One who seeks every form of satisfaction
“One sided direction” refers to the pursuit of which one of the following ?
- Drinking and forgetfulness
- The satisfaction one had been deprived of
- Activities leading to happiness
- Every form of psychological satisfaction
Which one of the following is the correct statement ?

Drinking helps the unhappy only to

forget their dissatisfaction
get sublime happiness
get the motivational needs fulfilled
concentrate harder

What does “becoming less alive” imply?
- Neglect of health
- Decline in moral values
- Living in a make believe world
- Leading a sedentary way of living

Passage – IV

What is to, be the limit of forgiveness? It would probably have been allowed by many of the ancients that an unforgiving temper was not to be commended. They would have said, we are not to exact a penalty for every nice offence, we are to overlook some things, we are to be blind sometimes. But they would have said at the same time, we must be careful to keep our self-respect, and to be on a level with the world. On the whole, they would have said, it is the part of a man fully to requite to his friends their benefits and to his enemies their injuries.

Which one of the following is the correct statement ? According to the writer we must
- ignore an offence if it is nice
- forgive people if they bring us nice presents
- forgive pretty offenders
- not punish each and every offence
Which one of the following is the correct statement ?

We must

be blind if we want to forgive others
be blind to the faults of our friends
be indifferent to what others do
overlook certain things

Which one of the following is the correct statement ?

In ancient times people were

ordered to lose their tempers
permitted to lose their tempers and not forgive their enemies
told that it was not good to have an unforgiving temper
advised to forgive each and every offence committed by both friends and foes

What is the underlying tone of the passage?
- We must be forgiving in general
- We must forgive our friends
- There is no limit whatsoever to our duty to forgive
- We must always punish the wrong doer

Passage – V

Once upon a time I went for a week’s holiday in the Continent with an Indian friend. We both enjoyed ourselves and were sorry when the week was over, but on parting our behaviour was absolutely different. He was plunged in despair. lie felt that because the holiday was over all happiness was over until the world ended. He could not express his sorrow too much. But in me the Englishman came out strong. I could not see what there was to make a fuss about. It wasn’t as if we were parting forever or dying. “Buck up”, I said, “do buck up”. He refused to buck up, and I left him plunged in gloom.

What is the Continent in the context of the passage ?
- An island
- The countryside
- Africa
- Europe
What does the author mean by ‘buck up’ ?
- Buckle yourself up
- Stand up
- Cheer up
- Shut up
Why was the Indian friend plunged in despair ?
- He was hopeless
- He experienced racial discrimination
- He would never be so happy again
- He had spent lot of money
What does ‘But in me the Englishman came out strong’ imply ?
- He was a strong Englishman
- He had the typical English character
- The Englishman went out of him
- He started following Indian traditions
What is the author’s intention in the passage?
- To contrast the Indian character with the English character
- To show that an Indian is sorrowful
- To ridicule the Indian traditions
- To praise the Englishman

Passage – VI

The world is very full of people appallingly- full, it has never been so full before, and they are all tumbling over each other. Most of these people one doesn’t know and some of them one doesn’t like. Well, that is one to do There are two solutions. One of them is the Nazi solution. If you don’t like people, kill them, banish them, and segregate them. The other way is much less thrilling, but it is on the whole the way of the democracies, and I prefer it. If you don’t like people, put up with them as well as you can. Don’t try to love them : you can’t, you’ll only strain yourself. But try to tolerate them.

What does the author mean by ‘appallingly’?
- He is making an appeal to the leaders of the masses
- In disconcertingly large numbers
- Very interesting
- Unpredictably
Which one of the following is the correct statement ?

According to the writer Nazi solution is

the easiest solution
the readiest solution
the national solution
the Hitlerian solution

Which one of the following is the correct statement ? The author thinks that the other solution is much less thrilling because it is
- dull
- based on tolerance
- not based on love
- lacking in adventure
Which one of the following is the correct statement ? The author prefers the second solution because
- he likes it
- he is not a Nazi
- he is essentially being a democrat
- there is no other way

Passage – VII

We should preserve Nature to preserve life and beauty. A beautiful landscape, full of green vegetation, will not just attract our attention but will fill us with infinite satisfaction. Unfortunately, because of modernization, much of nature is now yielding to towns, roads and industrial areas. In a few places some Natural reserves are now being carved out to avert the danger of destroying Nature completely. Man will perish without Nature, so modern man should continue this struggle to save plants, which give us oxygen, from extinction. Moreover, Nature is essential to man’s health.

What does ‘Nature’ in the passage mean ?
- Countryside covered with plants and trees
- Physical power that created the world
- Inherent things that determine character
- Practical study of plants and animals
Which one of the following is the correct statement ? According to the passage,
- beauty is only skin-deep
- everything is beautiful in its natural state
- there is beauty in Nature
- Nature is a moray teacher
What does the writer suggest ?
- We should not modernize, so that Nature can be preserved
- While modernizing we should be careful not to destroy Nature completely
- All Nature has been destroyed by modern living
- Carving out Natural reserves will hamper the growth of industries
What does ‘struggle’ in the passage mean ?
- Man’s struggle to exist in the world
- Man’s struggle to save Nature
- Man’s struggle to catch up with modern trends
- Man’s struggle to conserve oxygen
Why a beautiful landscape ‘will fill us with infinite satisfaction’ ?
- We love beauty
- It is full of green vegetation
- It will ensure our future existence
- It will show our command over Nature

SPOTTING ERRORS

Directions (For the 15 items which follow)

In this Section, a number of sentences are given. The sentences are underlined in three separate parts and each one is labelled (a), (b)and (c). Read each sentence to find out whether there is an error in any underlined part. No sentence has more than one error. When you find an error in any one of the underlined parts (a), (b) or (c) indicate your response on the separate Answer Sheet at the appropriate space. You may feel that there is no error in a sentence. In that case letter (d) will signify a ‘No error’ response.
You are to indicate only one response for each item in your Answer Sheet. (If you indicate more. than one response, your answer will be considered wrong.) Errors may be in grammar, word usage or idioms. There may be a word missing or there may be a word which should be removed.

You are not required to correct the error. You are required only to indicate your response on the Answer Sheet.

Old age and infirmity/(a) had began to/(b) catch up with him./(c) No error./(d)
Its colour makes/(a) the moth undistinguished/(b) from the branch it rests on./(c) No error./(d)
With only a week/(a) to go for the election/ (b) things are really hotting up./(c) No error./(d)

Romanticism of melancholy/(a) in art and literature are the reasons/(b) for insensitivity of those suffering from depression./(c) No error./(d)
Taking life as it comes,/(a) I am someone who thrives one challenges and believe that my purpose in life/(b) is to give one hundred percent to very opportunity that comes my way./(c) No error./(d)
The police were baffled/(a) and Sherlock Holmes was/(b) called in to investigate./ (c) No error./(d)
The boat came/(a) abreast at us/(b) and signalled us to stop./(c) No error./(d)
The Chairman’s comments/(a) on future policy introduced/(b) a jarring note for the proceedings./(c) No error./(d)
The collapse of the business/(a) was a moral blow to the/(b) business tycoon and his family./(c) No error./(d)
The taxi/(a) came at 8 o’clock/(b) in the next morning./(c) No error./(d)
The main determination/(a) of economic success is/(b) our ability to control inflation./(c) No error./(d)
Because of/(a) extenuating circumstances/ (b) the court acquitted him from the crime./ (c) No error./(d)
In consideration for/(a) the bereaved family’s feelings/(b) the papers did not print the story./(c) No error./(d)
No sooner had/(a) he arrived then/(b) he was asked to leave again./(c) No error./(d)
I haven’t been/(a) to New York before and/ (b) neither my sister./(c) No error./(d)

ANTONYMS

Directions (For the 16 items which follow): Each of the following 16 items consists of a word in capital letters, followed by four words or groups of words. Select the word or group of words that is furthest in meaning to the word in capital letters.

PUERILE
- Fresh
- Suspenseful
- Matured thinking
- Easily attainable
IGNOMINY
- Entrance
- Activity
- Eligibility
- Honour
PENURIOUS
- Timid
- Without any perforation
- Affluent
- Inescapable
SCURRILOUS
- Scandalous
- Admiration
- Primary
- Opposition
ENNUI
- Poverty
- Shortage
- Excitement
- Fearlessness
SLAPDASH
- Careful
- Violent
- Pervasive
- Scarce
CHIMERICAL
- Complement
- Feasible
- Hypercritical
- Spurious
THWART
- Encourage
- Suffer
- Agonize
- Pacify
VENERATION
- Embezzlement
- Awe
- Disrespect
- Far-Sighted
INVECTIVE
- Adjective
- Polite language
- Pertaining to legal matters
- Brief
COPIOUS
- Shortage
- Imitation
- Warm
- Delightful
ACERBIC
- The accused
- Polite
- Unpleasant
- Improbable
ASCETIC
- Ardent
- Indulging in pleasures
- Careless
- Patriotic
UBIQUITOUS
- Honest
- Rarely found anywhere
- Out of fashion
- Scrupulous
PARSIMONIOUS
- Partisan
- Permissible
- Revealing
- Extravagant
EPHEMERAL
- Mysterious
- Impolite
- Long-lasting
- Exciting

ORDERING OF SENTENCES

Directions (For the 15 items which follow): In the following each passage consists of six sentences. The first sentence (S₁) and the final sentence (S₆) are given in the beginning. The middle four sentences in each have been removed and jumbled up. These are labelled P, Q R and S. You are required to find out the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark accordingly on the Answer Sheet.

S₁ : Did anything happen ?

S₆ : He did not download or tamper with any of the code to which he gained access.

P : But the intruder did little more than peek and poke around.

Q : Not much, according to Microsoft.

R : He may have been some of its “Source code” the secret recipe for its software.

S : Yes, somebody invaded the firm’s corporate network.

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

R P Q S
Q S R P
RSQP
QPRS

S_l: Another significant change in the past five years have been the global resurgence of ethnic and religious aspirations.

S₆ : This phenomenon is evident not only in Africa and Asia but also in Europe, notably in Italy and Spain.

P : No less than 15 new States have emerged in that region since 1990.

Q : This manifests itself in many different ways.

R : Another manifestation is the growth of ethnicity or regionalism as catalyst for new political parties.

S : One is the ‘new’ nationalism that is thriving in the wake of the break up of the Soviet Empire.
Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

QSPR
PRQS
PSQR
QRPS

S_l : Eighteen years ago, Germany became whole and free again after forty years of cruel partition.

S₆ : On October 3, 1990, reunification was ceremoniously enacted.

P : But on November 9, 1989, the Berlin Wall was miraculously breached.

Q : Within ten months after the Wall came down, Germany had regained its national unity.

R : Not many contemporaries had expected this to happen, or to happen within the span of their lifetime.

S : The Cold War was suddenly over, the Iron Curtain collapsed, communism melted away.

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

PRSQ
RPQS
RPSQ
PRQS

S₁ : There are a number of bad habits which poor readers adopt.

S₆ : Young children and very poor readers often point with a finger at each word in turn.

P : Of course, there must be vigorous mental activity.

Q : But extra body movements, such as pointing with the fingers or moving the lips, do not help reading.

R : In efficient reading, the muscles of the eye should make the only external movement.

S : Most of these involve using extra body movement in the reading process.

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

SRPQ
PQSR
PRSQ
SQPR

S_l : Materially advertisements do us no good.

S₆ : They have but one requirement that their intrusion should be conspicuous.

P : The advertisements tread closely on their heels and destroy its effect.

Q : Spiritually they are one of the worst avoidable evils.

R : Our buildings are covered with prints and pictures that distract and wear us.

S : Architects might give their designs dignity or the beauty of pattern.

Which one of the following is the correct sequence?

R Q P S
Q R P S
R Q S P
Q R S P

S₁ : Both Rattan and his son Moti were idlers and did not like to do any work.

S₆ : In fact, they prided themselves on their inactivity and idleness.

P : The result was that their idleness increased all the more.

Q : His wife had introduced order and industry in the house.

R : Rattan’s wife had died long ago, Mod had married in the preceding year.

S : She would work herself to death and earn the daily feed for both of them.

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

SPRQ
SQRP
RQSP
RPSQ

S₁ : A hundred metres further along the trail Mahesh and Rohini stopped short.

S₆ : But now mother bear-perhaps the same grizzly bear could be just over the ridge obscured by the bushes.

P : They had shouted and waved and watched through binoculars as the mother bear reared up and roared at them

Q : Two bear cubs were playing in the creek gully about 20 metres to their right.

R : They had enjoyed the roaring of the mother bear as a distance of a kilometre and a half separated them.

S : The day before, they had seen a mother bear and two cubs.

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

RPSQ
QSPR
RSPQ
QPSR

S_l : In an ordinary power station we burn fuel to get heat.

S₆ : However, instead of getting heat by burning fuel, we get it from the nuclear reactor.

P : In a nuclear power station we burn water into steam and then use the steam in the same way.

Q : It is from the generator that we get electricity.

R : The steam is then made to turn a turbine and through the turbine a generator.

S : This heat turns water into steam.

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

PRQS
S Q R P
SRQP
PQRS

S_l : One morning, a few days before Rahman, the Cabuliwallah, was due to return to his country, Tagore was working in his study.

S₆ : They had quarrelled, and Rahman had struck the man with his knife.

P : There were blood stains on his cloth, and one of the policemen carried a knife stained with blood.

Q : Suddenly he heard shouting in the street, and he saw Rahman being led away between two policemen, followed by a crowd of curious boys.

R : He learned that a certain neighbour had owed the Cabuliwallah some money, but had denied it.

S : He hurried out and stopped them to inquire what it all meant.

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

RSPQ
QPPR
RPSQ
QSPR

S_l : An experiment was conducted in England to study what happens to the bodies and minds of people travelling at high speeds.

S6 : Psychological tests showed that their ability to make decisions decreased quickly.

P : Then they were flown to America.

Q : Travelling also had an effect on the minds of these people.

R : They were first kept under observation in London.

S : It was found that as they travelled from one time zone to another, their blood pressure moved away from the normal.

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

RQSP
SPRQ
RPSQ
SQRP

S_l : All the fossil fuel that we use today came from green plants.

S₆ : The income that Dr. Calvin is talking about is the sun’s energy which living green plants capture and store up every day.

P : “And now we are burning it all up in just 100 or 200 years!” says Dr. Calvin.

Q : We have nearly used up all our savings.

R : It took hundreds of millions of years for those plants to change into coal, oil, and gas.

S : “It is time for us now to begin living on our income”, says Calvin.

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

QSRP
RPQS
QPRS
RQQP

S₁ : The ‘touch-me-not’ plant folds up its leaves when touched.

S₆ : The folding up of the leaves is controlled by the pulvinus.

P : How is the plant able to do this?

Q : At the lower end of each leaf is a tiny swelling, called the pulvinus.

R : The pulvinus acts as the ‘brain’ or control centre of the leaf.

S : It is only in recent years that a possible answer has been found.

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

RSQP
PQSR
RQSP
PSQR

S_l : A lower division clerk who has been working in CPWD for the past 15 years, won Rs.1 crore in the recently launched programme ‘Kaun Banega Crorepati’.

S₆ : Because the publicity that he received was really disturbing him.

P : His fellow clerks in the department approached him with proposals to launch some joint projects.

Q : But he shied away from both his friends and relatives.

R : His relatives advised him to leave service and start his own business.

S : He listened to all patiently.

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

PQ SR
S R P Q
P R S Q
SQRR

S_l : What is freedom ?

S₆ : Some people feel that we actually suffer from what may be called choice fatigue.

P : There is so much choice that we find it difficult to choose.

Q : Fortunately, we are now living in a world full of choice.

R : Without the possibility of choice and the exercise of choice, we are not human beings but only inanimate objects.

S : Freedom is the right to choose.

Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

PQRS
S R Q P
P R Q S
S Q R P

S₁ : I did not know Nehru at all intimately.

S₆ : It is more correct to use the word captivation than impression.

P : But his personality made an immediate impression at my very first meeting with him.

Q : Nor was the effect he made just an impression.

R : This impression did not change over the years.

S : In fact, I had not even met him many times.
Which one of the following is the correct sequence ?

SQRP
RPSQ
SPRQ (
RQSP

Directions (For the next 10 items): In each of the following items, a related pair of words is followed by four pairs of words. Select the pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair.

Infertile : Desert
- Diligent : Damp
- Verdant : Jungle
- Tree : Cut
- Skin : Wrinkle
Squander : Money
- Foresee : Predict
- Achieve : Victory
- Dally : Time
- Trespass : Land
Altruism : Philanthropist
- Publication : Writer
- Soldier : War
- Self-denial : Puritan
- Artist : Sculptor
Skate : Rink
- Build : Column
- Capital : Punishment
- Feathers : Bird
- Play : Stadium
Sympathy : Merciless
- Pathetic : Pity
- Reticence : Frank
- Predictability : Routine
- Noise : Ear
Society : Human
- Spectators : Game
- Jungle : Animal
- Kinship : Family
- Rivals : Team
Ship : Disembark
- Discharge : Board
- Fail : Arrest
- Train : Board
- Horse : Dismount
Exercise : Strength
- Games : Contest
- Defeat : Gain
- Business : Resource
- Practice : Skill
Education : Illiterate
- Rude : Well-mannered
- Experience : Naive
- Money : Miserly
- Expel : Admit
Light : Opaque
- Air : Hermetic
- Document : Author
- Sand : Desert
- Wood : Tree