CDS 2020 English Question Paper -1

COMPREHESION

Directions: In this section you have a few short passages. After each passage, you will find some times based on the passage. First, read a passage and answer the items based on it. You are required to select your answers based on the contents of the passage and opinion of the author only.

Not all agricultural societies become civilizations, but no civilization can become one without passing through the stage of agriculture. This is because at some stage in the development of agriculture, as productivity improves, not all people would need to be engaged in producing or procuring food. A significant number of people could be freed up to pursue other activities such as building walls or monuments for new cities; making new tools, weapons and jewellery; organizing long-distance trade; creating new artistic masterpieces; coming up with new inventions; keeping accounts; and perhaps constructing new public infrastructure such as irrigation canals that further improve the productivity of agriculture, thus realizing even more people to do new things.

This can happen, of course, only if a society that has transitioned to high-productivity agriculture has also, at some stage in its evolution, found a way to channel the bonanza of free time into other work fruitfully. In the ancient world, this often involved creating new ideologies and new hierarchies or power structures to coerce or otherwise convince large groups of people to devote their time to the new tasks for very little reward.

Which one of the following statements is true according to the author ?

(a) Agriculture has always been part of all civilizations.

(b) Not all civilizations have undergone the processes of agriculture.

(d) Communities discontinued agriculture to become civilizations.

A significant number of people were sent to carry out other work from agriculture because

(a) there were insufficient agricultural products.

(b) people were needed to build monuments, weapons, jewellery, etc.

(d) this enabled the development of civilizations.

What kind of agriculture based societies would emerge as civilizations ?

(a) Societies which achieved high productivity in agriculture had the opportunity to find time for other work.

(b) Societies which depended on agriculture completely moved to other fruitful work so as to move to many places.

(d) Societies which could not do agriculture for lack of resources moved to other work.

People as groups were convinced to do new work through

(a) reward, force and community persuasions.

(b) ideologies, hierarchies and power structures.

(d) very high rewards.

Which word in the passage means ‘changeover’ ?

(a) Transitioned

(b) Channel

(d) Hierarchies

Passage – II

When we pick up a newspaper, a book, or an article, we come to our task with certain preconceptions and predispositions. We expect to find a specific piece of information or be presented with an argument or an analysis of something, say, the likelihood of recession in the next six months or the reasons why children can’t read. We probably know a little about the book or article we are reading even before we start. There was, after all, some reason why we chose to read one piece of writing rather than another.

Our expectations and predispositions may, however, blind us to what the article and its author is actually saying. If, for example, we are used to disagreeing with the author, we may see only what we expect to see and not what is actually there. Day after day in our routine pattern of life we expose ourselves to the same newspaper, the same magazine, even books by authors with the same perspectives. In order to reflect on our reading habits and improve our skills we need to break out of this routine, step back and look at what we are doing when we read.

According to the author, which one of the following statements is not true ?

(a) Reader’s preconceptions influence their reading.

(b) Readers have expectations when they read an article or a book.

(d) Readers assume that everything they read will have new information.

Our expectations and predispositions may, however, blind us because

(a) we may not get the actual ideas of the author.

(b) we will get the actual ideas of the author.

(d) we will agree with all the ideas of the author.

One of the ways to improve our reading habits is to

(a) break the routine by changing the time of reading.

(b) change the types of topics we read.

(d) stop reading for some time and then restart reading.

Which quality does the author here advocate, to be a good reader ?

(a) Being objective to the ideas of the author

(b) Having preconceptions and predispositions

(d) Disagreeing with the author

Which word in the passage means ‘viewpoints’ ?

(a) Preconceptions

(b) Predispositions

(d) Perspectives

Directions: Each item in this section has a sentence with three underlined parts labelled as (a), (b) and (c). Read each sentence to find out whether there is any error in any underlined part and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet against the corresponding letter i.e., (a) or (b) or (c). If you find no error, your response should be indicated as (d).

After mysteriously expanding for decades, (a)/Antarctica’s sea ice cover(b)/ starting melting.(c)/ No error(d)

The auction, conducted by the bank,(a)/ will be price based(b)/ using multiple priced method. (c)/No error(d)

If the scheme would have been implemented effectively(a)/ all affected(b)/ would have benefitted.(c)/ No error(d)

Government Stock offers(a)/ safety, liquidity and attractive returned(b)/ for long duration. (c)/No error(d)

Scrolling thorough my social media timeline,(a)/ I hovered over a video(b)/ of a minor road traffic accident.(c)/No error(d)

The fascination with gold at least(a)/ seems to be a case were traditional belief and (b)/modern finance would point the same way. (c)/No error(d)

Evolutionary biology leave us(a)/ distinctly pessimistic about the possibility(b)/that altruism can arise naturally among humans. (c)/No error(d)

When everything starts working for you, (a)/you will find(b)/ things are achieve and delivered.(c)/No error(d)

If I were you(a)/ I would not go for(b)/ change of job. (c)/No error(d)

At the beginning of the nineteenth century,(a)/ female literacy was extremely lowed(b)/ in comparison to male literacy.(c)/ No error(d)

Directions: Each of the following items in this section consists of a sentence, parts of which have been jumbled. These parts have been labelled as P, Q, R and S. Given below each sentence are four sequences, namely (a), (b), (c) and (d). You are required to re-arrange the jumbled parts of the sentence and mark your response accordingly.

for long and(P)/ the backbone of India(Q)/ will continue to be the same(R)/ agriculture has been(S)

(a) SPQR

(b) SQPR

(d) QSRP

the cry of general public(P)/ agenda in any country(Q)/ public policy making(R)/ is generally driven by(S)

(a) RQSP

(b) RPSQ

(d) QRSP

before it starts(P)/ of the government is(Q)/ the essential power(R)/ the power to manage conflict(S)

(a) RSPQ

(b) SQRP

(d) QRSP

a majority of the vote(P)/the party that received(Q)/of the government(R)/ must take control(S)

(a) QPSR

(b) PSRQ

(d) SQPR

can express a view on(P)/in which the electorate(Q)/ a particular issue of public policy(R)/a referendum is a vote(S)

(a) SQPR

(b) RPQS

(d) PQRS

in modem societies(P)/ or merely suppressed(Q)/ has class conflict(R)/ been resolved(S)/

(a) RPSQ

(b) RQPS

(d) QRSP

several of our food(P)/ are being extensively cultivated(Q)/ and vegetable crops(R)/ hybrid varieties of(S)/

(a) QRSP

(b) SPQR

(d) SPRQ

against the officer(P)/ reason for the accusation(Q)/ there should have been(R)/who was in-charge at that time(S)

(a) RPSQ

(b) RQPS

(d) SPRQ

poetry is(P)/ and ideas(Q)/ powerful feelings (R)/the spontaneous overflow of(S)

(a) SRQP

(b) PQRS

(d) PSRQ

historical identity and a common descent(P)/ a group of people(Q)/ is called an. ethnic group(R)/who share a common culture(S)

(a) QSPR

(b) QRPS

(d) RQPS

IDIOMS AND PHRASES

Directions: Given below are some idioms /phrases followed by four alternative meanings to each. Choose the response (a), (b), (c) or (d) which is the most appropriate expression and mark your response in the Answer Sheet accordingly.

A paper tiger

(a) Person or organisation that appears powerful, but actually is not

(b) Person or organisation that acts like a tiger

(d) A daredevil

Lily-livered

(a) Brave and courageous

(b) Not brave

(d) Outrageous

Eat like a bird

(a) Eat fast „

(b) Eat very little

(d) Pretending to be eating

The dog days

(a) Days celebrating dogs

(b) The bitter days

(d) The coldest days

A banana republic

(a) A small or poor country with a weak government

(b) A small or poor country which produces banana

(d) A country without any government

The pros and cons

(a) The good and bad parts of a situation

(b) Like and dislike of a situation

(d) A good moment of an event

Prime the pump

(a) To do . something in order to make something succeed

(b) To do good things to succeed in life

(d) Asking people to do things to make something succeed

The green-eyed monster

(a) Feeling of being joyous

(b) Feeling of being jealous

(d) Feeling lucky about something

Rise to the occasion

(a) To celebrate a success in a difficult situation

(b) To regret a situation which ended in failure

(d) To motivate people to succeed in a difficult situation

Call it a day

(a) End of the day

(b) Completion of work

(d) A beautiful day

Directions: In this section each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and the sixth sentences are given in the beginning as SI and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. You are required to find out the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly on Answer Sheet.

SI : Chinua Achebe was born in 1930 and educated at the Government College in Umuahia, Nigeria.

S6 : Chinua Achebe has written over twenty books, including novels, stories, essays and collections of poetry, and won the Nobel Prize for literature.

P : During the Civil War in Nigeria, he worked for the Biafran government service.

Q : After the War, he was appointed Senior Research Fellow at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka.

R : He joined the Nigerian Broadcasting Company in Lagos in 1954, later becoming its Director of External Broadcasting.

S : He received a BA from London University in 1953 and in 1956 he studied broadcasting in London at the BBC.

The correct sequence should be

(a) SRPQ

(b) RPQS

(d) QRSP

SI: “Every person carries in his head a mental model of the world — a subjective representation of external reality,” writes Alvin Toffler in Future Shock.

S6 : When we begin to think we can do so only because our mind is already filled with all sorts of ideas with which to think.

P : It organizes our knowledge and gives us a place from which to argue.

Q : This mental model is, he says, like a giant filing cabinet.

R : It contains a slot for every item of information coming to us.

S : As E.F. Schumacher says, “When we think, we do not just think; we think ideas.”

The correct sequence should be

(a) PSRQ

(b) SPRQ

(d) RQPS

SI : Biology is the study of life in its entirety.

S6 : Classical descriptive and clueless biology found a theoretical framework in the evolutionary theory of Darwin.

P : In later years, the focus was physiology and internal morphology or anatomy.

Q : Darwinian ideas of evolution by natural selection changed the perception completely.

R : The growth of biology as a natural science during the last 1000 years is interesting from many points of view.

S : One feature of this growth is changing emphasis from mere description of life forms to identification and classification of all recorded living forms.

The correct sequence should be

(a) RSPQ

(b) SPRQ

(d) PQRS

SI : Biology is the youngest of the formalized disciplines of natural science.

S6 : Life expectancy of human beings has dramatically changed over the years.

P : However, the twentieth century and certainly the twenty-first century has demonstrated the utility of biological knowledge in furthering human welfare, be it in health sector or agriculture.

Q : The discovery of antibiotics, and synthetic plant-derived drugs, anaesthetics have changed medical practice on one hand and human health on the other hand.

R : Applications of physics and chemistry in our daily life also have a higher visibility than those of biology.

S : Progress in physics and chemistry proceeded much faster than in biology.

The correct sequence should be

(a) QPRS

(b) PRQS

(d) SRPQ

SI : People in society need many goods and services in their everyday life including food, clothing, shelter, transport, etc.

S6 : The teacher in the local sehool has the skills required to impart education to the students.

P : A weaver may have some yarn, some cotton and other instruments required for weaving cloth.

Q : A family farm may own a plot of land, some grains, farming implements, maybe a pair of bullocks and also the labour services of the family members.

R : Every individual has some amount of the goods and services that one would like to use.

S : In fact, the list of goods and services that any individual needs is so large that no individual in society, to begin with, has all the things one needs.

The correct sequence should be

(a) PQRS

(b) RSPQ

(d) SRQP

SI: Farming is the main production activity in the village.

S6 : The new ways of farming need less land, but much more capital.

P : These have allowed the farmers to produce more crops from the same amount of land.

Q : Over the years there have been many important changes in the way farming is practised.

R : But in raising production, a great deal of pressure has been put on land and other natural resources.

S : This is an important achievement, since land is fixed and scarce.

The correct sequence should be

(a) QPSR

(b) RSPQ

(d) PRSQ

SI : Britain was the first country to experience modern industrialization.

S6 : This gave people a wider choice for ways to spend their earnings and expanded the market for the sale of goods.

P : This meant that the kingdom had common laws, a single currency and a market that was not fragmented by local authorities and uneven taxation.

Q : It had been politically stable since the seventeenth century, with England, Wales and Scotland unified under a monarchy.

R : By then a large section of the people received their income in the form of wages and salaries than in goods.

S : By the end of the seventeenth century, money was widely used as the medium of exchange.

The correct sequence should be

(a) QPSR

(b) PSQR

(d) SRQP

SI : For several million years, humans lived by hunting wild animals and gathering wild plants. .

S6 : As a result, conditions were favourable for the growth of grasses such as wild barley and wheat.

P : This led to the development of farming and pastoralism as a way of life.

Q : This change took place because the last ice age came to an end about 13,000 years ago and with that warmer, wetter conditions prevailed.

R : Then, between 10,000 and 4,500 years ago, people in different parts of the world learnt to domesticate certain plants and animals.

S : The shift from foraging to farming was a major turning point in the human history.

The correct sequence should be

(a) QSPR

(b) SPQR

(d) RPSQ

SI: All governments claim eternal consistency and success.

S6 : Diplomacy offers choices, and those choices must be negotiated with other sovereign actors.

P : Choices involved uncertainty, risk and immediacy; those who must take the choices operate in the contemporary political milieu.

Q :And yet the essence of governance is choice.

R : Nowhere is this more true than in foreign policy decision-making.

S : Some even claim omniscience.

The correct sequence should be

(a) SQPR

(b) QSRP

(d) RSPQ

SI : Buddhism continued to spread into many lands of Asia during the period of 5th and

6th century.

S6 : He translated several scriptural commentaries into Pali and wrote a work called the Visuddhimagga, which soon attained the status of a classic work on Theravada doctrine and meditation.

P : While this can be understood as a part of larger processes of cultural interaction, especially trade, a key role was played by monks.

Q : We know a little bit about some of them, but there must have been countless men whose commitment to the Buddhist path gave them the courage and determination to persevere in the face, of the long, hard journey to India and back.

R : Buddhism had made its way to Sri Lanka many centuries earlier, during the time of Ashoka, and a thriving Buddhist community soon took root.

S : In the 5th century, the monk Buddhaghosha travelled to Sri Lanka.

The correct sequence should be

(a) RQPS

(b) QRPS

(d) PSRQ

FILL IN THE BLANKS

Direction: Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space and four words or group of words are given after the sentence. Select the most appropriate word of group of words for the blank space and indicate your response on the answer sheet accordingly.

On his way to the capital, the minister____ the eminent social worker at his residence.

(a) called on

(b) called

(d) call off

The fire brigade fought for four hours to____ the fire in the building.

(a) put in

(b) put out

(d) put off

Ravi has Droved that he can____ on his promise by winning the match.

(a) carry through

(b) carry out

(d) carry off

It is best to_____ politics when in the classroom.

(a) keep out

(b) keep on

(d) keeping

It shows that she has ____ many years of service.

(a) put in

(b) put out

(d) put on

The chairperson said that the group was___ of time.

(a) running out

(b) running

(d) run out

If I____ an angel I would solve the problems of people.

(a) am

(b) were

(d) have

Where there is a_____, there is a way.

(a) way

(b) road

(d) will

The police could not establish how the accident____

(a) came off

(b) came about

(d) came out

I____ my old friend after twenty years.

(a) ran into

(b) ran in

(d) run on

SYNONYMS

Directions : Each item in this section consists of a sentence with an Bold word followed by four words I group of words. Select the option that is nearest in meaning to the bold word and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.

All the developments that took place in the 20th century have had implications for the next century.

(a) consequences

(b) interferences

(d) planning

He is such a leader that his actions are contagious.

(a) complicated

(b) transmittable

(d) unthinkable

The budget incorporated a number of tax reforms which included higher taxes for the very rich.

(a) excluded

(b) integrated

(d) removed

His thesis makes all generic statements which have already been proved.

(a) specific

(b) crude

(d) non-standard

The captain produced yet another stellar show to make her team enter the semi-finals.

(a) extraordinary

(b) eclipse

(d) not a great

A new show is trying to change the cliched depictions of women in animation.

(a) original

(b) hackneyed

(d) artificial

Not everyone finds a vocation which suits one’s aptitude.

(a) attitude

(b) approach

(d) occupation

Uninterrupted rain had fatigued the commuters from the outskirts to the city and work suffered.

(a) excited

(b) refreshed

(d) exhausted

The leader said, “I am aghast with the developments so far. I will take time to understand this.”

(a) satisfied

(b) sad

(d) horrified

The cause of the accident is yet to be ascertained, but police officials suspect the driver of the vehicle allegedly fell asleep.

(a) determined

(b) curtained

(d) being known

ANTONYMS

Directions : Each item in this section consists of a sentence with an Bold word followed by four words I group of words. Select the option that is Opposite in meaning to the bold word and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.

Early medieval period was not a combination of urban and rural civilization. It was not a period of urban decay as claimed by some.

(a) survival

(b) waste away

(d) spoil

He speaks eloquently and can pull crowds.

(a) confusingly

(b) expressively

(d) fluently

Everyone has to fight the inertia in the system.

(a) sluggishness

(b) indolence

(d) torpor

There is a need to promote philanthropy in education.

(a) charity

(b) benevolence

(d) likeliness

What we lack in the current times is compassion.

(a) empathy

(b) carefulness

(d) hardship

Tempestuous behaviour would not yield much in any place.

(a) relaxed

(b) passionate

(d) windy

Wooing everyone over an issue for support will not serve much purpose.

(a) discouraging

(b) encouraging

(d) persuading

The highest award was bestowed upon her for her yeoman service.

(a) conferred

(b) withdrawn

(d) imbibed

One feels elated when someone praises one’s work.

(a) feels good

(b) excited

(d) sober

All business activities need not result in profit-making. There is a need to be charitable.

(a) lenient

(b) malevolent

(d) gracious

PARTS OF SPEECH

Directions: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase Bold. Read the sentences carefully and find which part of speech the bold word belongs to. Indicate your response on the answer sheet accordingly.

He has been working in the Department of Foreign Affairs since 2002.

(a) Adverb

(b) Adjective

(d) Noun

The man in dark blue is the one who made us win the match.

(a) Relative clause

(b) Interrogative pronoun

(d) Affirmative

The most beautiful actor of the industry was awarded today.

(a) Adjective

(b) Numeral

(d) Noun

“What is the latest news ?” asked the Captain.

(a) Relative pronoun

(b) Adjective

(d) Adjectival clause

Noticing the change in the behaviour of the officer, the cadets returned to their position.

(a) Participle

(b) Present continuous

(d) Noun

When he reached the department, the officials had left for the meeting.

(a) Past perfect verb

(b) Past tense

(d) Independent clause

He has offered her another chance.

(a) Intransitive verb

(b) Past tense

(d) Transitive verb

The building is very ancient.

(a) Transitive verb

(b) Intransitive verb

(d) Auxiliary verb

Hurrah! What a scintillating beauty the landscape is !

(a) Conjunction

(b) Adjective

(d) Interjection

Ravi was declared as the winner in the tie because he had hit the most number of fours and sixes.

(a) Conjunction

(b) Interjection

(d) Cause

SPELLING MISTAKES

Directions: In this section a word is spelt in four different ways. Identify the one which is correct. Choose the correct response (a), (b), (c) or (d) and indicate on the answer sheet accordingly.

Which one of the following alternatives has the correct spelling ?

(a) Continuum

(b) Continuem

(d) Continueiam

Which one of the following alternatives has the correct spelling ?

(a) Stretegy

(b) Stretagy

(d) Strategy

Which one of the following alternatives has the correct spelling ?

(a) Commisionor

(b) Commisioner

(d) Comissioner

Which one of the following alternatives has the correct spelling ?

(a) Vacum

(b) Vacuum

(d) Vacam

Which one of the following alternatives has the correct spelling ?

(a) Psephology

(b) Psefoloagy

(d) Psyphology

Which one of the following alternatives has the correct spelling ?

(a) Neuphrology

(b) Nephrology

(d) Neaprology

Which one of the following alternatives has the correct spelling ?

(a) Psudonym

(b) Pseudonym

(d) Seeudonym

Which one of the following alternatives has the correct spelling ?

(a) Pnumonia

(b) Neumonia

(d) Numania

Which one of the following alternatives has the correct spelling ?

(a) Resilient

(b) Resilint

(d) Realisent

Which one of the following alternatives has the correct spelling ?

(a) Suplementary

(b) Supplementary

(d) Supplemantory

TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES

Directions: In this section two sentences are given and you are required to find the correct sentence which combines both the sentences. Choose the correct response (a), (b), (c) or (d) and indicate on the answer sheet accordingly.

Which is the correct combination of the given two sentences ?

The officers will return from China on Monday.

You can meet him.

(a) You can meet the officer when he returned from China on Monday.

(b) You can meet the officer when he will return from China on Monday.

(d) The officer will meet you when you return from China on Monday.

Which is the correct combination of the given two sentences ?

He is hard-working. He is honest too.

(a) He is not only hard-working, but also honest.

(b) He is only hard-working and honest.

(d) He is not hard-working but also honest.

Which is the correct combination of the given two sentences ?

Parents have been waiting since morning.

They want to meet the counsellor.

(a) The counsellor has been waiting to meet the parents since morning.

(b) Parents had been waiting to meet the counsellor since the morning.

(d) Parents have been waiting since morning to meet the counsellor.

Which is the correct combination of the given two simple sentences using ‘If’ clause ?

Minchi should have worked hard. She would have cleared the test.

(a) If Minchi had worked hard, she would have cleared the test.

(b) Had not Minchi worked hard, she could not have cleared the test.

(d) If Minchi had worked hard, she will have cleared the test.

Which one of the following is the correct statement combining the two statements using ‘though’ ?

He has been trying his level best to win. He could not succeed.

(a) Though he is trying his level best to win, he could not succeed.

(b) He is trying his level best to win, though he could not succeed.

(d) Though he had been trying his level best to win, he could not succeed.

Which is the correct combination of the given two sentences using ‘relative clause’ ?

Gandhiji preached peace. He is an apostle of peace.

(a) Gandhiji who preached peace is an apostle of peace.

(b) Gandhiji preached peace because he is an apostle of peace.

(d) Gandhiji is an apostle of peace because he preached peace.

Which is the correct combination of the given two sentences ?

Priya reached the station. The bus left before her.

(a) When Priya reached the station, the bus had already left.

(b) When Priya had reached the station, the bus already left.

(d) When Priya had reached the station, the bus had already left.

Which is the correct combination of the given two sentences ?

He is too tired. He could not stand.

(a) He is so tired that he could scarcely stand.

(b) He is too tired and cannot stand.

(d) He is so tired that he could not be standing.

Which is the correct combination of the given two sentences ?

The teacher entered the classroom. All students stopped talking.

(a) No sooner did the teacher enter the classroom than the students stopped talking.

(b) As soon as the teacher entered the classroom all students were asked to stop talking.

(d) No sooner did the students stop talking than the teacher entered the classroom.

Which one of the following is the correct statement of the combination of the two sentences given below using ‘whereas’ ?

Kavya is interested in reading books. Her sister shows interest in outdoor games.

(a) Kavya is interested in reading books whereas her sister’s interest is outdoor games.

(b) Kavya is interested in reading books whereas her sister is not interested in it.

(d) Kavya is interested in reading books whereas her sister’s interest is to play outside.

REPORTED SPEECH

Directions: In this section direct speech sentences are given and you are required to find the correct indirect speech sentence of the same. Choose the correct response (a), (b), (c) or (d) and indicate on the answer sheet accordingly.

Rahul said to his teacher, “Madam, what is the way to solve the question ?”

(a) Rahul asked his teacher what the way to solve the question was.

(b) Rahul told his teacher what was the way to solve the question.

(d) Rahul told his teacher what the way was to solve the question.

He said to his friend, “Could you please close the door ?”

(a) He requested his friend to close the door.

(b) He requested his friend to please close the door.

(d) He wanted his friend to close the door for him.

Raj said to Sheela, “The Sun rises in the east.”

(a) Raj told Sheela that the Sun rose in the east.

(b) Raj told Sheela that the Sun rises in the east.

(d) Raj said to Sheela that the Sun has arisen in the east.

Navanitha said to her friends, “What a scintillating beauty it is !”

(a) Navanitha told to her friends that it was a scintillating beauty.

(b) Navanitha exclaimed to her friends what a scintillating beauty it was.

(d) Navanitha exclaimed to her friends that it was a scintillating beauty.

The Captain said to the soldiers, “March forward and aim at the peak of the hill today.”

(a) The Captain requested the soldiers to march forward and aim at the peak of the hill that day.

(b) The Captain ordered the soldiers to march forward and aim at the peak of the hill today.

(d) The Captain told the soldiers that they should march forward and aim at the peak of the hill that day.

“Where were you last evening ?” said the lady to her maid.

(a) The lady asked her maid where she had been the previous evening.

(b) The lady asked her maid where she had been in the last evening.

(d) The lady told her maid where she had been to the last evening.

“Those who sowed the seeds last season will reap the harvest this season,” said the leader to her followers.

(a) The leader said to her followers that those who sowed the seeds the previous season would reap the harvest that season.

(b) The leader addressed her followers that those who have sown the seeds the previous season would reap the harvest this season.

(c) The leader addressed her followers that those who had sown the seeds the previous season would reap the harvest that season.

(d) The leader advised her followers that those who sow the seeds the previous season would reap the harvest this season.

He said to his manager, “Could you please pass the bill this week ?”

(a) He told his manager that bill to be passed.

(b) He requested his manager to pass the bill that week.

(d) He requested his manager to pass the bill this week.

The village chief said to the villagers, “All of us need to adopt new regulations. We will protect our Earth forever.”

(a) The village chief ordered the villagers that all of them needed to adopt new regulations and they would protect their Earth forever.

(b) The village chief told the villagers that all of them need to adopt new regulations and they will protect their Earth forever.

(d) The village chief told the villagers that all of them needed to adopt new regulations and they would protect their Earth forever.

The grandfather said to the baby, “May you live long with all good things of life.”

(a) The grandfather blessed to the baby with long life and all good things of life.

(b) The grandfather asked the baby that she would live long with all good things of life.

(d) The grandfather blessed the baby that she would live long with all good things of life.